Which of the following is a requirement to vote in federal elections?

To vote in federal elections, one of the fundamental requirements is being a citizen of the United States. This requirement is rooted in the Constitution and subsequent amendments, specifically aimed at ensuring that only individuals who have a legal stake in the country, through citizenship, are granted the right to participate in the democratic process.

Citizenship establishes a legal and constitutional basis for voting rights, separating citizens from non-citizens in terms of political participation. This ensures that voters have a vested interest in the governance of the country and its policies.

In contrast, the other options do not align with the basic legal requirements for voting in federal elections. Owning property, being a member of a political party, and holding a college degree are not prerequisites in the U.S. for voting. These restrictions were historically present in some places, but they have been abolished to promote broader access to the electoral process, thereby reinforcing the principle of universal suffrage for citizens regardless of socio-economic status, political affiliation, or educational background.