What was determined in Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia regarding Indian tribes?

In Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia, the key determination was that Indian tribes were recognized as distinct political communities but did not have the standing to bring suit in federal courts as foreign nations. The Supreme Court ruled that while the Cherokee Nation held a unique political status, they were not recognized within the legal framework as independent nations capable of suing in court. This decision underscored the federal government’s authority over Indian affairs and clarified the limited legal standing of tribes concerning the federal judicial system.

This case highlighted the complexities of tribal sovereignty and the relationship between the federal government and Native American tribes. The ruling set a precedent whereby tribal governance and rights were acknowledged, but their ability to seek redress through the federal judicial system was limited, thus solidifying the federal government's role as the primary intermediary.