What power is specifically granted to Congress by the Constitution?

The Constitution specifically grants Congress the power to make laws and regulate commerce, as outlined in Article I, Section 8. This section enumerates various powers of Congress, emphasizing its role in creating legislation that governs the nation and regulating economic activities among the states and with foreign nations. This power is foundational to the functioning of the federal government, allowing Congress to address a wide range of issues affecting the country, from trade policies to setting federal statutes.

In contrast to the other options, the authority to make treaties is primarily reserved for the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The appointment of Supreme Court justices is also an executive function, as the President nominates justices who must then be confirmed by the Senate. Lastly, issuing executive orders falls within the executive branch's powers, allowing the President to manage the operations of the federal government but not a power granted to Congress. Thus, the choice reflecting Congress's specific role underscores the legislative body's essential function in shaping laws and regulating commerce.