What is the role of Congress in the amendment process?

The role of Congress in the amendment process is multifaceted, involving both the proposal and ratification of amendments to the Constitution. Under Article V of the U.S. Constitution, Congress can propose an amendment by a two-thirds majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate, demonstrating its ability to initiate changes to the Constitution that reflect the evolving needs and values of American society.

Once an amendment is proposed, it must then be ratified. This ratification can occur in one of two ways: either by the legislatures of three-fourths of the states or by conventions held in three-fourths of the states. Congress plays a crucial role in setting the parameters for how the ratification process takes place and can influence the timeline and approach taken by states in considering proposed amendments.

Through both proposing and ratifying amendments, Congress actively participates in shaping the Constitution, ensuring that it remains a living document that can adapt over time while also reflecting the will of the people. This dual role underscores the significance of Congress in the democratic process of constitutional change.