What is the principle established by the case of Marbury vs. Madison?

The principle established by the case of Marbury v. Madison is judicial review. This landmark Supreme Court case, decided in 1803, was pivotal in defining the boundary between the executive and judicial branches of government. The ruling confirmed the judiciary's authority to review laws and actions taken by the other branches for their constitutionality.

In this case, Chief Justice John Marshall articulated that it is fundamental for the judiciary to ensure that laws passed by Congress or actions by the President do not violate the Constitution. This set a precedent that empowered the Supreme Court to invalidate legislation or executive acts that are deemed unconstitutional, solidifying the role of the judicial branch as an equal partner in government and a protector of the Constitution.

The other principles mentioned do not reflect the significance of Marbury v. Madison. Legislative supremacy would suggest that legislative bodies are dominant over the judiciary, while executive privilege relates to the rights of the executive branch to withhold information. State sovereignty pertains to the power of states to govern themselves independently, which is a separate constitutional issue. Thus, judicial review emerged specifically from the implications of Marbury v. Madison, shaping the framework of American constitutional law.