What is libel?

Libel refers specifically to a false and defamatory written statement that unjustly harms a person's reputation. This legal concept recognizes that printed or published material can have a particularly negative impact on an individual's standing in the community or their personal or professional life. To be considered libelous, the statement must not only be untrue but also presented as a fact, which can lead to damages to the victim's reputation.

Understanding this definition clarifies why the other options do not correctly describe libel. For instance, a spoken statement that damages reputation is classified as slander, which is distinct from libel due to the format of the communication. Additionally, while slander is a related legal term, it does not apply to written statements. Lastly, protective laws for journalists pertain to the rights and responsibilities of the media in reporting, but they do not define what libel is. Thus, the correct answer effectively captures the essence of libel as it pertains to written defamation.