What does the term "affirmative action" primarily address?

The term "affirmative action" primarily addresses the efforts and policies aimed at addressing historical injustices and systemic inequalities faced by marginalized groups, particularly racial minorities and women. This includes measures taken to ensure equal opportunities in education, employment, and other areas where discrimination has historically been prevalent. By focusing on restitution for previous injustices, affirmative action aims to create a more level playing field, allowing underrepresented groups to gain access to resources and opportunities that have been denied to them due to past discriminatory practices.

Supporting the correct understanding, the other options do not capture the core intent of affirmative action. While programs aimed at existing support systems or oversight of educational budgets may play a role within broader social equity efforts, these concepts do not inherently address the rectification of historical disparities. Therefore, the central focus of affirmative action is indeed on rectifying the injustices of the past, making restitution an accurate descriptor of its crucial goals.