What does the 4th amendment protect citizens against?

The 4th Amendment to the United States Constitution specifically protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. This protection is a critical component of citizens' privacy rights and ensures that law enforcement must have probable cause and, in most cases, obtain a warrant before conducting searches of personal property or seizing belongings. The intent behind this amendment is to safeguard individuals from arbitrary decisions by the government that could infringe upon their privacy and freedom.

In contrast, the other options refer to different protections provided by other amendments. Self-incrimination is protected under the 5th Amendment, excessive bail is addressed by the 8th Amendment, and protection against double jeopardy, which prevents an individual from being tried twice for the same offense, is also covered by the 5th Amendment. Each of these amendments serves distinct purposes in upholding individual rights within the legal system.