In 2003, who gained the powers previously held by the lieutenant governor?

The correct choice reflects a significant change in the political structure of Georgia’s government that occurred effective July 1, 2003. Prior to this date, the lieutenant governor held significant authority, particularly in matters relating to the state legislature. However, with the restructuring of powers, many of the roles that the lieutenant governor once operated within the context of the Senate were transferred to the President pro tempore of the Senate.

This adjustment was implemented to streamline legislative operations and reduce the concentration of power that was previously shared with the lieutenant governor, allowing the President pro tempore to take on the legislative role that involves overseeing Senate proceedings. As a result, the President pro tempore not only manages the Senate’s legislative responsibilities but also wields influence in shaping legislative agendas, leading debate, and handling procedural matters.

Understanding this context clarifies the shift in power dynamics within Georgia's government, emphasizing the importance of the President pro tempore’s role following this change.